Lessons learned from conducting a community-based, nurse-led HIV prevention trial with youth experiencing homelessness: Pivots and pitfalls.

OBJECTIVE: This article highlights key lessons learned while conducting a nurse-led community-based HIV prevention trial with youth experiencing homelessness (YEH), focusing on sexually transmitted infections testing and treatment, intervention sessions, community partnerships, and participant recruitment and retention. DESIGN: The insights and experiences shared aim to inform future research and the design of interventions targeting populations at high risk, particularly when facing unanticipated challenges. By addressing these areas, the article contributes to the decision-making for the design and delivery of effective strategies to improve the health outcomes among marginalized populations. RESULTS: The findings underscore the importance of flexibility and active participant engagement, cultivating strong relationships with community partners, utilizing technology and social media, and fostering a diverse research team that represents the heterogeneity of youth experiencing homelessness across race/ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, and lived experiences. CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations aim to enhance participant access, engagement, and retention, while promoting rigorous research and meaningful study outcomes for YEH.

Access, acceptability, and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among global migrants: A rapid review.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a rapid review and determine the acceptability, access, and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among global migrants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rapid review was conducted May 2022 capturing data collected from April 2020 to May 2022. Eight databases were searched: PubMed, Ovid Medline, EMBase, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, LILACS, and the Web of Science. The keywords "migrants" AND COVID-19" AND "vaccine" were matched with terms in MeSH. Peer-reviewed articles in English, French, Portuguese, or French were included if they focused on COVID-19 immunization acceptability, access, or uptake among global migrants. Two independent reviewers selected and extracted data. Extracted data was synthesized in a table of key characteristics and summarized using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The search returned 1,186 articles. Ten articles met inclusion criteria. All authors reported data on the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine, two on access, and one on uptake. Eight articles used quantitative designs and two studies were qualitative. Overall, global migrants had low acceptability and uptake, and faced challenges in accessing the COVID-19 vaccine, including technological issues. CONCLUSIONS: This rapid review provides a global overview of the access, acceptability, and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among global migrants. Recommendations for practice, policy, and future research to increase access, acceptability, and uptake of vaccinations are discussed.

El concepto del estrés de aculturación desde la mirada del inmigrante hispano en los Estados Unidos / The concept of acculturation stress from the perspective of the Hispanic immigrant in the United States

Objetivo principal: Clarificar el significado de estrés de aculturación del inmigrante hispano, además de conocer cada una de las dimensiones y características propias del concepto, con la finalidad de comprender mejor las necesidades de la persona inmigrante que vive en los Estados Unidos. Metodología: El análisis de concepto se hizo a través de los ocho pasos propuestos por Walker y Avant. Resultados principales: Se identificaron tres dimensiones del concepto estrés de aculturación: (1) estresores personales, (2) estresores del entorno y (3) estresores sociales. Como antecedentes del concepto se identificó el arrepentimiento, la culpa y negación. En general, las consecuencias se reflejan en la salud mental del inmigrante hispano. Además, se reconoció los instrumentos de medición que evalúan el estrés de aculturación. Conclusión principal: Se obtuvo una definición clara del concepto estrés de aculturación desde la perspectiva del inmigrante hispano, que ayudará a estimar la validez de constructo de las mediciones de este concepto. Las dimensiones reportadas con mayor frecuencia son consideradas en el inventario de estrés en hispanos, sin embargo, se recomienda analizar la validez de constructo del concepto. Sería importante considerar las consecuencias derivadas del estrés de aculturación en la prevención y tratamiento de la salud mental. (AU)

Objective: Clarify the meaning of acculturation stress for the Hispanic immigrant, in addition to knowing each of the dimensions and characteristics of the concept, in order to better understand the needs of the immigrant living in the United States. Methods: The concept analysis was done through the eight steps proposed by Walker and Avant. Results: Three dimensions of the acculturation stress concept were identified: (1) personal stressors, (2) environmental stressors and (3) social stressors. Repentance, guilt, and denial were identified as antecedents in the concept. In general, the consequences are reflected in the mental health of the Hispanic immigrant. In addition, the measurement instruments that assess acculturation stress were recognized. Conclusions: A clear definition of the acculturation stress concept was obtained, which will help to estimate the construct validity of the measurements of this concept. The most frequently reported dimensions are considered in the stress inventory in Hispanics; however, it is recommended to analyze the construct validity of the concept. It would be important to consider the consequences derived from acculturation stress in the prevention and treatment of mental health. (AU)

Asociación entre la calidad de atención de enfermería percibida y nivel de satisfacción por pacientes hospitalizados / Association between perceived quality of nursing care and level of satisfaction by hospitalized patients

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre la calidad de la atención percibida y el nivel de satisfacción por pacientes hospitalizados en una institución de salud en México. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo-correlacional, de corte transversal. La muestra (n=37) se conformó por pacientes hospitalizados en una institución se segundo nivel de atención en Guanajuato. Las variables, calidad percibida de la atención de Enfermería y satisfacción global se midieron utilizando el instrumento de SERVQHOS-E de 17 ítems y dos subescalas (tangibles e intangibles). Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y la prueba Chi-cuadrada de Pearson. El programa SPSS auxilió en el procesamiento de datos. RESULTADOS: El 51% de los participantes se identifican como hombres con una edad promedio de 42.97 años. La Calidad Intangible la calificaron como regular (57%), mientras que la Calidad Tangible como buena (65%). El nivel de satisfacción fue evaluado como Satisfecho (49%) y Muy Satisfecho (51%). Se encontró una asociación entre los factores intangibles con el nivel de satisfacción (p = .015); sin embargo, en los factores tangibles no se encontró asociación (p = .248). CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados podrían reflejar la formación rigurosa y de calidad de los enfermeros que laboran en esta institución. Sin embargo, también podrían indicar las carencias de la institución en cuanto a equipo tecnológico para brindar mejores servicios de salud.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the association between the perceived quality of care received and the level of satisfaction of hospitalized patients in Guanajuato, Mexico. METHODS: This is a quantitative, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study. The sample (n=37) was made up of patients hospitalized in a second level care institution in Guanajuato, Mexico. The variables, perceived quality of nursing care and overall satisfaction were measured using the SERVQHOS-E instrument with 17 items and two subscales (tangible and intangible). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's Chi-square test. The SPSS program helped in data processing. RESULTS: 51% of the participants identified themselves as men with an average age of 42.97 years. The Intangible Quality was rated as regular (57%), while the Tangible Quality was good (65%). The level of satisfaction was evaluated as Satisfied (49%) and Very Satisfied (51%). An association was found between the intangible factors with the level of satisfaction (p = 0.015); however, no association was found for tangible factors (p = 0.248). CONCLUSIONS: These results could reflect the rigorous and quality training of the nurses who work in this institution. However, they could also indicate the institution's shortcomings in terms of technological equipment to provide better health services.

Condiciones de trabajo percibidas por enfermeras migrantes mexicanas en Alemania / Occupational Conditions Perceived by Mexican Migrant Nurses in Germany

Introducción: Se espera que la migración de profesionales de enfermería mexicanos aumente en los próximos años debido a la escasez de enfermeras en todo el mundo. Es urgente estudiar las condiciones de trabajo de las enfermeras mexicanas en los países de acogida desde una perspectiva transcultural. Objetivo: Examinar las percepciones laborales de las enfermeras mexicanas que ejercen en un entorno clínico en Alemania desde una perspectiva transcultural. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio etnográfico focalizado entre noviembre de 2020 y mayo de 2021. La muestra (n = 11) involucró a profesionales de enfermería de México que trabajan en un entorno clínico en Alemania. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a través de la plataforma digital Zoom. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio previo consentimiento informado. Se utilizó un análisis temático para analizar los datos; QUIRKOS, un software de análisis de datos cualitativos ayudó en el proceso. Resultados: Se identificaron tres temas: las condiciones estructurales de trabajo, que describen las características del trabajo que influyen en la realización del cuidado transcultural de enfermería; la diversidad cultural de los cuidados, que describe la variabilidad del significado de los cuidados de enfermería; y la práctica transcultural, que describe las percepciones culturales de las enfermeras en relación con los cuidados que prestan en Alemania. Conclusiones: Las condiciones estructurales de trabajo y la diversidad cultural de los cuidados favorecen o impiden la calidad de los cuidados que prestan las enfermeras mexicanas en Alemania. Los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de abogar por políticas que mejoren las condiciones de trabajo de las enfermeras en México y en Alemania(AU)

Introduction: Migration of Mexican nursing professionals is expected to increase in the coming years, due to the shortage of nurses worldwide. There is an urgent need to study the occupational conditions of Mexican nurses in host countries from a cross-cultural perspective. Objective: To examine the occupational perceptions of Mexican nurses practicing in a clinical setting in Germany, from a cross-cultural perspective. Methods: A focused ethnographic study was conducted between November 2020 and May 2021. The sample (n=11) involved nursing professionals from Mexico working in a clinical setting in Germany. The data were collected through semistructured interviews via the digital platform Zoom. The interviews were audio-recorded with prior informed consent. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the data; Quirkos, a qualitative data analysis software, was used in the process. Results: Three themes were identified: structural occupational conditions, describing the occupational characteristics that influence the performance of transcultural nursing care; cultural diversity of care, describing variability in the meaning of nursing care; and transcultural practice, describing nurses' cultural perceptions of the care that they provide in Germany. Conclusions: Structural occupational conditions and cultural diversity of care favor or impede the quality of care provided by Mexican nurses in Germany. The findings suggest the need to advocate for policies that improve the occupational conditions of nurses in Mexico and Germany(AU)

Importancia del Estudio Piloto en un Proyecto de Intervención / Importance of a Pilot Study in an intervention project

Objetivo: Detallar los elementos básicos de los estudios piloto, sus propósitos y los componentes que evalúan. Desarrollo: Las intervenciones en salud se desarrollan en cuatro fases. Este artículo se enfoca en la segunda fase, que corresponde a los estudios piloto. En términos generales, los estudios piloto son diseñados e implementados para analizar la fidelidad, aceptabilidad y efectos preliminares. La fidelidad se refiere a la relación entre los ingredientes activos de la intervención, sus componentes y actividades (teórica), y el grado en que se implementa la intervención de acuerdo con lo planificado (operacional). La aceptabilidad es un constructo de siete indicadores, e incluye la satisfacción de los participantes hacia la intervención y el intervencionista. Los efectos preliminares hacen referencia a la capacidad de la intervención de inducir cambios en los resultados de una investigación. Conclusiones: Un estudio piloto es uno de los primeros pasos que se lleva a cabo en un proyecto de intervención. El estudio piloto permite tomar decisiones fundamentadas sobre la implementación de una investigación principal. Este artículo pretende ser referencia para el diseño, implementación y evaluación de estudios piloto.(AU)

Objective: To describe the basic elements of the pilot studies, their purpose and their evaluation components. Development: Health interventions are generally developed in four phases. This article focuses on the Second Phase, which corresponds to pilot studies. Generally speaking, pilot studies are designed and implemented to analyze the fidelity, acceptability, and preliminary effects of an intervention. Fidelity refers to the relationship between the intervention’s active ingredients and its components and activities (theoretical), and the degree to which the intervention is delivered according to what was planned (operational). Acceptability includes the participant’s satisfaction towards the intervention and the interventionist. Preliminary effects refer to the ability of the intervention to induce changes in the outcome of an intervention. Conclusions: A Pilot Study is one of the first steps in an intervention project. A pilot study allows informed decisions to be made about the implementation of a larger research project. This article intends to serve as a guide for the design, implementation and evaluation of pilot studies.(AU)

Inaccessibility to Bridging Programs and Systemic Barriers Are Unnecessary Delays: Response to Lee and Wojtiuk (2021).

Lee and Wojtiuk (2021) initiated the discussion on integrating internationally educated nurses (IENs) into the Canadian nursing workforce in a commentary published in the Canadian Journal of Nursing Leadership (Volume 34, Issue 4, 2021). In this letter, we seek to further expand the discussion on bureaucratic barriers that delay or discourage IENs from transitioning into the Canadian nursing workforce.

Revisión sistemática exploratoria sobre percepción del cuidado que brinda el profesional de enfermería especializado en México / Exploratory systematic review on perception of the care provided by the specialized nursing professional in Mexico

OBJETIVO: Analizar y sintetizar la evidencia empírica sobre percepción de las personas acerca del cuidado que reciben de profesionales de enfermería especializados, en México. MÉTODO: Se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria, durante cuatro meses (septiembre-diciembre de 2020). Para esta revisión se sigue el acrónimo PCC (Población, Concepto y Contexto). P: Percepción del paciente y/o social, C: Tención del profesional de enfermería especializado y C: En México. Se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos: LILACS, IBECS, BDENF, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SciELO, Redalyc, el sistema de búsqueda PudMed, la Biblioteca Cochrane y la herramienta Google Scholar. Se Incluyeron estudios sobre la percepción de los pacientes al recibir atención de profesionales de enfermería especializados en México. Artículos en inglés, portugués y español, los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de contenido. RESULTADOS: Los temas propuestos fueron A) la percepción del cuidado humanizado, b) la autonomía profesional y C) el arte del cuidado. CONCLUSIONES: Ofrece las perspectivas en la evidencia empírica existente sobre la percepción de pacientes acerca del cuidado profesional de enfermería especializado en México, sin embargo, no puede ser concluyente, dado el pequeño número de estudios recuperados. Los hallazgos conducen a una mayor investigación con el fin de profundizar en el fenómeno de interés.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse and synthesise empirical evidence on people's perceptions of the care they receive from specialised nursing professionals in Mexico. METHOD: An exploratory systematic review was conducted during four months (September-December 2020). The acronym PCC (Population, Concept and Context) was used for this review. P: Patient and/or social perception, C: Specialised nursing professional's perception and C: In Mexico. Databases were searched: LILACS, IBECS, BDENF, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SciELO, Redalyc, the PudMed search system, the Cochrane Library and the Google Scholar tool. Included were studies on patients' perceptions of receiving care from specialised nursing professionals in Mexico. Articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish, data were analysed using content analysis. RESULTS: The proposed themes were A) the perception of humanised care, b) professional autonomy and C) the art of care. CONCLUSIONS: Offers insights into existing empirical evidence on patients' perceptions of professional skilled nursing care in Mexico; however, it cannot be conclusive, given the small number of studies retrieved. The findings lead to further research in order to delve deeper into the phenomenon of interest.

Transiciones migratorias de profesionales de enfermería mexicanos en alemania

RESUMEN Objetivo: Examinar las transiciones migratorias de profesionales de enfermería mexicanos que residen en Alemania. Material y Método: Estudio cualitativo de tipo etnográfico focalizado, guiado por la Teoría de Transiciones; se realizó entre los meses de noviembre de 2020 y mayo de 2021; se utilizó un muestreo por bola de nieve, donde los participantes de la red social Facebook, que aceptaron participar, hicieron referencia a otras personas. Se reclutaron a 11 profesionales de enfermería mexicanos; se realizaron entrevistas por Zoom, audiograbadas con previo consentimiento. La información obtenida fue transcrita en su totalidad y examinada mediante el análisis temático con el apoyo del software QUIRKOS. Resultados: El 63,6% fueron mujeres con una edad promedio de 30,8 años y un tiempo promedio de 1,26 años en Alemania. Las transiciones migratorias se clasificaron en 10 categorías: 1) Condiciones económicas y laborales, 2) Idioma, 3) Proceso de homologación de estudios, 4) Costos, 5) Discriminación, 6) Costumbres y tradiciones, 7) Gastronomía, 8) Clima, 9) Recreación y 10) Seguridad. Conclusiones. Conocer las transiciones migratorias de profesionales de enfermería mexicanos en Alemania permite realizar una serie de recomendaciones a la práctica, las políticas públicas y futuros proyectos de investigación e intervención.

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the migration transitions of Mexican nursing professionals residing in Germany. Materials and Methods: A focused ethnography guided by the Theory of Transitions was conducted between the months of November 2020 and May 2021; snowball sampling was used, where the participants of the social network Facebook, who agreed to participate, referred to other people. Eleven Mexican nurses living in Germany were recruited; interviews were conducted using the Zoom platform and audio-recorded with prior consent. The information obtained was transcribed verbatim and examined through thematic analysis using the QUIRKOS software. Results: 63.6% of the nurses were women, with an average age of 30.8 years; and an average time of 1.26 years living in Germany. Migration transitions were classified into 10 categories: 1) Economic and labor conditions, 2) Language, 3) Study accreditation process, 4) Costs, 5) Discrimination, 6) Customs and traditions, 7) Gastronomy, 8) Climate, 9) Recreation, and 10) Safety. Conclusions: Understanding the migration transitions of Mexican nurses in Germany allows us to make a series of recommendations for practice, public policies, and future research and intervention projects.

RESUMO Objetivo: Examinar as transições migratórias de profissionais de enfermagem mexicanos que residem na Alemanha. Material e Método: Estudo qualitativo de tipo etnográfico focado, guiado pela Teoria das Transições e realizado entre os meses de novembro de 2020 e maio de 2021. Utilizou-se uma amostragem de bola de neve, na qual os participantes da rede social Facebook, que concordaram em participar, contactaram outras pessoas. Onze profissionais mexicanos residentes na Alemanha foram recrutados; foram realizadas entrevistas usando a plataforma Zoom e gravadas em áudio com consentimento prévio. As informações obtidas foram transcritas textualmente e examinadas por meio de análise temática utilizando o software QUIRKOS. Resultados: 63,6% dos profissionais de enfermagem eram mulheres, com idade média de 30,8 anos; e tempo médio de 1,26 anos vivendo na Alemanha. As transições migratórias foram classificadas em 10 categorias: 1) Condições econômicas e trabalhistas, 2) Idioma, 3) Processo de acreditação de estudos, 4) Custos, 5) Discriminação, 6) Costumes e tradições, 7) Gastronomia, 8) Clima, 9) Lazer, e 10) Segurança. Conclusões: Conhecer as transições migratórias dos profissionais de enfermagem mexicanos na Alemanha permite fazer uma série de recomendações para a prática, as políticas públicas e os futuros projetos de pesquisa e intervenção.

Estrés, ansiedad, depresión y apoyo familiar en universitarios mexicanos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Family Support in Mexican University Students during the Pandemic, COVID-19

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión presentes en los universitarios durante la pandemia en relación con el apoyo que brinda la familia. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de un estudio de tipo cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. La muestra (n=105) fueron estudiantes de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Veracruzana; se obtuvo a través de un muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un instrumento digital (Google Forms). Las variables se midieron utilizando la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21) y el Inventario de Percepción de Apoyo Familiar (IPAF). Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y la prueba de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Los resultados evidencian que no existe una asociación entre las variables estudiadas: r=-0.192, n=105, p=0.134, pero sí existe depresión (85.8 %), ansiedad (84 %) y estrés (77.4 %) en los estudiantes, aunque se presentan de forma leve, y un nivel medio bajo de apoyo familiar (afecto 61.3%, adaptabilidad 62.3% y autonomía 40.6 %). Conclusión: Los trastornos por ansiedad, estrés y depresión afectan gradualmente diversas esferas de actuación personal de los estudiantes, por lo cual una intervención oportuna y preventiva es relevante.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression present in university students during the pandemic in relation to the support provided by the family. Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative study with a descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional design. The sample (n = 105) was composed of students of the Faculty of Nursing of the Veracruzana University; it was obtained through convenience non-probabilistic sampling. The data was collected through a digital instrument (Google Forms). The variables were measured using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Inventory of Perception of Family Support (IPAF). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Spearman correlation test. Results: The results show that there is no association between the studied variables r = -0.192, n = 105, p = 0.134., but if there is depression (85.8%), anxiety (84%), and stress (77.4%) in the students, although in a mild form, and a low medium level of family support (affection 61.3%, adaptability 62.3%, and autonomy 40.6%). Conclusion: Anxiety, stress, and depression disorders gradually affect various spheres of personal performance of students, for which a timely and preventive intervention is relevant.

La Teoría de Transiciones en el contexto de mujeres que se quedan atrás durante la migración / Transitions Theory for left-behind women during migration

Planteamiento: La teoría de transiciones de Meleis puede ayudarnos a comprender las experiencias de transición de las mujeres que se quedan atrás mientras sus parejas emigran al extranjero. Desarrollo: Este artículo desarrolla una base teórica para la investigación, que examina las experiencias de transición de las mujeres rezagadas en el contexto de la migración. Se realizó un análisis y evaluación de la teoría de las transiciones utilizando los criterios de Fawcett. Esta exploración teórica, encontró que la Teoría de las Transiciones era adecuada para orientar la investigación futura sobre las mujeres rezagadas. Sin embargo, argumentamos que los conceptos de características de identidad, sistemas de dominación e interacción pueden mejorar la teoría para ayudar a arrojar luz sobre la posibilidad de que estén experimentando múltiples transiciones y cómo estas transiciones interactúan entre sí. Conclusión principal: Este trabajo teórico demostró que es factible examinar las experiencias de mujeres que se quedan atrás mientras sus parejas emigran al extranjero a través de la teoría de transiciones. Además, los resultados finales de dicha investigación podrían incluir estrategias para promover la salud de las mujeres y sus familias. (AU)

Approach: Meleis' Transitions Theory can help us to understand the transition experiences of women left behind while their partners migrate across international borders. Development: This article develops a theoretical foundation for research examining the transition experiences of left-behind women in the context of migration. An analysis and evaluation of Transitions Theory was undertaken using Fawcett's criteria. This theoretical exploration found Transitions Theory suitable to guide future research on left-behind women. However, we argue that the concepts of identity characteristics, systems of domination, and interaction can enhance the theory to help shed light on whether multiple transitions are being experienced and how these transitions interact with one ano-ther. Conclusions: This article found that examining the experiences of women who are left-behind while their partners migrate across international borders is feasible. The ultimate outcomes of such research may include strategies for promoting health for these women and their families. (AU)

A Scoping Review of the Health of African Immigrant and Refugee Children.

Migration is a growing phenomenon around the world, including within the African continent. Many migrants, especially African children, face challenges related to health and social inclusion and can face increased health risks. A systematic scoping review of available literature on the health of African migrant children across the globe was conducted to offer insight into these health risks. The review was conducted over a 15-month period from January 2019 to April 2020, yielding 6602 articles once duplicates were removed. This search included electronic databases, reference lists of articles reviewed, and searches of libraries of relevant organisations. A total of 187 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 159 were quantitative, 22 were qualitative, and 6 used mixed methods. The findings reveal decreased health in this population in areas of nutrition, infectious diseases, mental health, birth outcomes, sexual and reproductive health, physical and developmental health, parasitic infections, oral health, respiratory health, preventative health, endocrine disorders, health care services, and haematological conditions. The findings offer insights into factors influencing the health of African immigrant and refugee children. Further studies, especially qualitative studies, are needed to determine barriers to service access after migration and to investigate other underexplored and overlooked health concerns of African migrant children, including pneumonia and child maltreatment.

Emigración de profesionales de enfermería en México / Emigração de profissionais de enfermagem no México / Emigration of nursing professionals in Mexico

La creciente emigración de profesionales de enfermería en México podría colocar su sistema de salud en una crisis nacional. Actualmente, existen más de 272,000 migrantes a nivel global 1. Se estima que 11,800,000 son mexicanos, el 35% de ellos son profesionistas 2. México se ubica en sexto lugar de países que envían migrantes calificados y en primer lugar en la región de América Latina. Los principales países receptores son Estados Unidos (EE. UU.), Canadá, y España. En 2015, en Estados Unidos el número de mexicanos calificados rebasó las 250,000. De acuerdo con datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud 3 hay más de 20,700,000 de profesionales de enfermería y partería en el mundo. No obstante, se calcula que para el 2030 nos enfrentaremos ante la escases de 18,000,000. Tan solo en Canadá este déficit podría llegar a los 60,000 enfermeros, mientras que en EE. UU esta cifra se triplica a los 240,000.

Enfermeros mexicanos en Alemania en tiempos de Covid-19.

Señor editor: La emigración de enfermeros mexicanos hacia el extranjero es un tema que cobra relevancia durante la pandemia por Covid-19, principalmente por la necesidad de contar con profesionales calificados que hagan frente a esta situación de emergencia sanitaria. Pero ¿por qué los enfermeros están emigrando cuando México también tiene escasez de estos profesionales?..

Violencia hacia el profesional de enfermería: una etnografía focalizada

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir las experiencias del profesional de enfermería sobre la violencia experimentada en su trabajo. Material y Método: Estudio cualitativo con diseño etnográfico focalizado. Los participantes se seleccionaron utilizando un muestreo no-probabilístico por bola de nieve. Los datos se recolectaron a través de 25 entrevistas a profundidad vía telefónica entre enero y junio de 2018, en tres hospitales de Veracruz, México. El Modelo Interactivo de violencia en el lugar de trabajo diseñado por Chappell y Di Martino fue el referente teórico y la técnica de análisis temática fue con el apoyo del software QUIRKOS. Resultados: Las temáticas resultantes fueron: causas y tipos de agresión, reacción de la víctima ante la agresión y agresor. En su mayoría fueron mujeres (72%), del turno matutino (52%), de los servicios de urgencias y medicina interna (28%). El 68% refirió no haber denunciado la agresión a sus superiores e identificaron al médico como el principal agresor (44%), seguido por el familiar del paciente (20%). Conclusión: Es imperativo la implementación de estrategias para evitar la violencia laboral, así como la formación de pautas a seguir en caso de ser violentada/o.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the experiences of nursing professionals concerning workplace violence. Material and Method: Qualitative study with a focused ethnographic design. Participants were selected using non-probability snowball sampling. Data were collected through 25 in-depth telephone interviews between January and June 2018 in three hospitals of Veracruz, Mexico. The theoretical framework was based on the Interactive Model of workplace violence designed by Chappell and Di Martino and the QUIRKOS software was used for the thematic analysis. Results: Findings alluded to the causes and types of aggression, the victim's reaction to the aggression and the aggressor. Participants were mostly women (72%), who worked the morning shift (52%), in the emergency and the internal medicine services (28%). 68% indicated not having reported the aggression to their supervisors and identified the physician as the main aggressor (44%), followed by the patient's family members (20%). Conclusion: It is critical that hospitals implement strategies to avoid workplace violence, as well as guidelines that nurses and other healthcare professionals can follow in case of violence in the work setting.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as vivências do profissional de enfermagem sobre a violência vivenciada em seu trabalho. Material e Método: Estudo qualitativo com desenho etnográfico focado. Os participantes foram selecionados por meio de amostragem não probabilística em bola de neve. Os dados foram coletados por meio de 25 entrevistas telefónicas em profundidade entre janeiro e junho de 2018, em três hospitais em Veracruz, México. O referencial teórico foi o Modelo Interativo de violência no trabalho desenhado por Chappell e Di Martino e a técnica de análise temática foi realizada com apoio do software QUIRKOS. Resultados: Os tópicos foram: causas e tipos de agressão, reação da vítima frente a agressão e o agressor. A maioria eram mulheres (72%), do turno da manhã (52%), dos serviços de emergência e clínica médica (28%). O 68% relatou não ter denunciado a agressão a seus superiores e apontaram o médico como o principal agressor (44%), seguido do familiar do paciente (20%). Conclusão: É imprescindível a implementação de estratégias para evitar a violência no trabalho, bem como a formação de diretrizes a serem seguidas em caso de violência.

Transnational migration and Mexican women who remain behind: An intersectional approach.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the scope, range, and nature of the existing literature on Mexican women who remain behind in their communities of origin while their partners migrate abroad. DESIGN: A scoping review informed by an intersectionality framework was conducted over four months, January-April 2020. DATA SOURCES: The electronic databases Medline, PsyINFO, Global Health, CINAHL, Gender Studies Database, Dissertations & Theses Global, LILACS, IBECS, and Sociological Abstracts were searched. REVIEW METHODS: Articles were included if they focused on Mexican women who remain behind across transnational spaces. Two independent reviewers screened and selected articles. Data were analyzed and synthesized using descriptive statistics for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. RESULTS: A total of 19 articles were included for analysis; within those, the methods used included quantitative (n = 5), qualitative (n = 11), mixed methods (n = 2), and intervention (n = 1). Most studies lacked a theoretical framework (n = 10); the majority were empirical published studies (n = 11), and most used interviews (n = 12) and surveys (n = 6) to collect data. All of the articles studied cis-heterosexual Mexican women. Major areas identified were 1) research context, 2) gender roles, and 3) women's health. CONCLUSION: Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

Left-Behind Women in the Context of International Migration: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Despite the research on left-behind children, less is known about left-behind women across transnational spaces. The purpose of this scoping review was to assess the extent, range, and nature of the existing body of literature on left-behind women whose partners have migrated across borders. Method: This scoping review was guided by the five-step approach of Arksey and O'Malley. Fifty-four articles that focused on left-behind women across transnational spaces were included. Data were synthesized using descriptive statistics and conventional content analysis. Results: Left-behind women were primarily from Mexico (n = 13) and the migrants' place of destination was primarily the United States (n = 14). We identified two major themes: (a) women's social, economic and cultural conditions and (b) women's well-being. Discussion: We identified significant knowledge gaps regarding left-behind women in the context of transnational migration. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Dance Intervention for Mexican Family Caregivers of Children With Developmental Disability: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: There are 7.1 million people living with a disability in Mexico. Of these individuals, 7% are children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. Mexican women caring for children with a developmental disability are at risk of psychological stress, which may be prevented with physical activity such as dance. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to examine (a) the feasibility of implementing the dance intervention, (b) the mothers' satisfaction with the intervention, and (c) the changes in stress level experienced by the mothers on completion of the intervention. Method: A one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The Salsa dance intervention was given in nine 60-minute sessions, twice a week in Veracruz, Mexico. The sample included 14 mothers of children with disabilities. The outcome, stress level, was measured with the validated Questionnaire of Perceived Stress. Feasibility of intervention implementation was maintained by having the interventionist follow the interventionist manual. Satisfaction was assessed by the Satisfaction with Therapy and Therapist Scale. Results: The intervention was feasible as all participants completed the intervention sessions. They reported high satisfaction (100%) with the intervention and interventionist. At posttest, participants showed reduced stress levels (p = .028). Discussion: The dance intervention is promising in reducing women's stress levels and worth further development in order to benefit the Mexican women caring for children with developmental disability and experiencing stress. Nurses can implement the Salsa dance intervention with the Mexican population while improving the clients' retention, outcomes, and overall satisfaction.